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Snap off the woody bottoms of asparagus spears by hand—they'll break exactly where tender part begins.
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Wash asparagus thoroughly and pat dry. If spears are very thick, pre-blanch for 3 minutes in salted boiling water.
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Preheat oven to 375°F. Butter a 9x13 baking dish or similar.
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Make cream sauce: Melt butter over medium heat, whisk in flour (equal parts), and cook for 1-2 minutes, stirring constantly.
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Slowly add heavy cream and chicken stock while whisking to avoid lumps. Season with fresh dill, thyme, salt, white pepper, and lemon juice.
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Arrange asparagus spears in a single direction in the prepared baking dish for visual appeal.
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Pour cream sauce between and around the asparagus spears. If using breadcrumb topping, toss panko with melted butter and sprinkle over top.
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Bake for 25-35 minutes until asparagus is tender-crisp and sauce is bubbling at edges.
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Remove from oven and let rest 5 minutes before serving to allow flavors to settle.
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Serve hot as a side dish. Keeps 3 days refrigerated; reheat gently at 325°F covered.